Abstract

Editorial

Endogenous Ligands of Toll Like Receptors: A Danger Signal to the Brain Memory at High Altitude

KP Mishra* and Shashi Bala Singh

Published: 15 October, 2018 | Volume 2 - Issue 1 | Pages: 026-027

Sojourn to high altitude may affect various human systems if proper acclimatization not followed. If acclimatization failed, sojourners may suffer with high altitude sickness such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Although a sojourner’s tolerance to high altitude hypoxia varies according to differences in physiology and physical conditioning. Acute mountain sickness may cause headache, insomnia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. While HACE is more serious stage where brain swelling occurs and it is potentially fatal. A sojourner with HACE may experience confusion, amnesia, delusions, and loss of consciousness. Staying in high altitude (above 9000 feet) environment poses low oxygen supply (hypobaric hypoxia) to the different body organs including brain.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.icci.1001005 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

References

  1. Das S, Mishra KP, Ganju L, Singh SB. Andrographolide - A promising therapeutic agent, negatively regulates glial cell derived neurodegeneration of prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and working memory impairment. J Neuroimmunol. 2017; 313: 161-175. Ref.: https://goo.gl/yqePWR
  2. Das S, Mishra KP, Ganju L, Singh SB. Intranasally delivered small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of scavenger receptor Mac-1 attenuates microglial phenotype switching and working memory impairment following hypoxia. Neuropharmacology. 2018; 137: 240-255. Ref.: https://goo.gl/mvJsFp
  3. Khanna K, Mishra KP, Ganju L, Kumar B, Singh SB. High-Altitude-Induced alterations in Gut-Immune Axis: A review. Int Rev Immunol. 2018; 37: 119-126. Ref.: https://goo.gl/2rFgaj
  4. Kumar R, Jain V, Kushwah N, Dheer A, Mishra KP, et al. Role of DNA Methylation in Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Neurodegeneration and Spatial Memory Impairment. Ann Neurosci 2018; 25: 191–200. Ref.: https://goo.gl/v9MYdr
  5. Mishra KP, Ganju L, Singh SB. Hypoxia modulates innate immune factors: A review. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015; 28: 425-428. https://goo.gl/Z2cC38
  6. Mishra KP, Sharma N, Soree P, Gupta RK, Ganju L, Singh SB. Hypoxia-Induced Inflammatory Chemokines in Subjects with a History of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2016; 31: 81-86. Ref.: https://goo.gl/A2zWC7
  7. Shweta, Mishra KP, Chanda S, Singh SB, Ganju L. A comparative immunological analysis of CoCl2 treated cells with in vitro hypoxic exposure. Biometals. 2015; 28: 175-185. Ref.: https://goo.gl/x9sMwC

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